Arts and Crafts is known as the international 'movement' that was formed at the end of 18th century, which was lead by an artist and writer called William Morris. This movement came about after WW1 and is meant to be rebellious against machine-produced art work, and was meant to influence artists to create art work reforming to more natural and simple styles of creating art pieces. Most of the work was made from materials since at the time there was a culture wanting to create decorative pieces of art, the art work usually took inspiration of nature and contained floral patterns on the pieces created, which was most likely seen as anti-industrial going with the whole arts and crafts movement idea.
The Arts and Crafts movement was started of in Britain and became popular internationally in America and Europe, the Pre-Raphealite Brotherhood was an organisation founded by english painters and writers trying to fulfill their intention to reject mechanistic art of which was adopted by the mannerists who surpassed Raphael and Michaelangelo. The brotherhood influenced William Morris and actually became partners with his design company, influencing artists and architects around the world to fulfill the brotherhood's ideas about art. William Morris went onto lead the Arts and Crafts movement which is where it all began, it was in direct response to the academic way of learning.
A new way of creating art was formed soon after the arts and craft movement was created, Art Nouveau. Art Nouveau in French meaning 'New Art', came from the theories and at movement of William Morris, this kind of art was inspired by natural forms and structures, it focused on mainly on floral aspects or nature and different structures. Architects started to create buildings which looked more natural with the environment and trying to focus on curves rather than industrial style buildings. Art Nouveau is considered as the 'total' style in art, it concerns both the geometrical and aesthetics sides of art, whereas in past movements it was one aspect concentrated on and not the other.
Art Nouveau made use of a lot of the technological advancements during the 19th century, it was also very expensive to create this style of art by the beginning of World War 1. Since it was so expensive to make, it later got replaced by a new style of art called Art Deco, which favored streamline designs and vibrant colours and a more modern style of art.
Art Deco began in Paris in the 1920's shortly after the first world war, it was formed directly in response to Art Nouveau being discontinued in usage. Art Deco goes for glamour and looks, employing a more modern style to its design, this concept takes inspiration from many ideas created in the early 20th century such as cubism, modernism and futurism. Most movements in the past had been derived from ideology or philosophical purposes, but Art Deco was mainly created for the sole purpose of being decorative only.
Artists employed this new way of creating art all the way through the World War 2 era, and to the present day, there are many great examples this kind of art still around today, for example the spire of the chrysler building in New York City which was built in 1928-1930 is still a massive attraction to the general public. Art Deco is different from its predecessor in the fact the that it has distinct linear symmetry compared to Art Nouveau which had asymmetrical flowing curves.
In Germany after they lost the first world war, the structure of their society changed and was highly influenced by modernism. Through this change in German society came The Bauhaus, known as simply Bauhaus it was an art school founded by Walter Gropius. It is said to be the perfect balance between form and functionality in a piece of architecture that had been created in the 1900's. Bauhaus had a great influence on graphic design, typography and it also has a massive impact on architecture throughout the world. Bauhaus was close in 1933 after being owned by famous architect Ludwig Meis van der Rohe, due to it being under pressure from the nazi regime.
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